2009-07-02T10:55:00.000-07:00

Medical Ethics

is the study of moral values and judgment as apply to medicine.Core of ethical principle concentrated in :

1)Non maleficence:not harm to the patient by avoiding physical and emotional disturbance,negligence,and lack of medical competence.

2)Beneficence:be benefit to the patient and do your best to be good for both individual and society.

3)Justice:fairness in distribution of medical services.

4)Respect Autonomy:respect free decision and choice of patient.

5)Confidentiality:extend after patient death and it tend respect patient privacy&autonomy.

6)Treat the patient as aperson not adisease.

7)Serving patient interest not doctor interest.

8)Avoid prescribing unnecessary medication,investigation or procedures.

9)Informed concents:that patient should be fully informed about diagnosis and treatment.

10)Give patient benefit&risk about plane of treatment.

11)Give patient support.

12)Dont use technical term and give patient time to discribe his illness.

Models of Doctor-Patient Relationship

*Active-Passive Model:

Patient is completly passive and role of treatment controlling by doctor

this occur in unconscious or delirious patient.

*Teacher-Student Model:

Doctor is the dominant and and patient acceptance

*Mutual active participation:

Relationship is equal between the doctor&the patient.

this occur in patient with chronic illness.

*Friendship Model:

consider dysfunction and sometimes unethical because it turn

patient care into personal relationship

*Rapport Model:

Represent emotional relationship and based on empathic understanding
of patient feeling,it involve mutual trust and respect.

History of Medicine

2009-01-03T13:48:00.000-08:00

Medicine is one of the oldest profession in the history of mankind.It is modified as art and science of healing.The word "Medicine" derived from Latin" Ars Medicina" meaning "Art of healing".Hippocrates,the ancient physician commonly consider "the father of medicine"
was born in Greece in 460B.C.Hippocrates maintained that disease had only natural causes and respect human life.The practice of modern medicine combine both science as the evidence base and art in application.Contemporary medicine applies include:
Health science,biomedical research,and medical technology to diagnose and treat injury and disease,typically through medication and surgery,or some other form of therapy.The main medical branches can be classified into:

-Basic science that every physician is educated e.g

*Anatomy:study of the physical strucureof organism by

macroscopic or gross anatomy.

*Physiology:study of the normal function of the body and regulatory mechanism.

*Biochemistry:study the biochemical reaction that taking place in living organism.

*Cytology:study the microscopic study of individual cells.

*Histology:study the structure of biological tissues by microscopes.

*Pathology:study the cause,course,progression of disease.

*Pharmacology:study the role of medication,their action and effect on the body.

-Medical specialties:include sciences that medical students educated in general pattern then concentrated in special science with advancing studies.eg,

*Surgery:is speciality of medicine that treat disease and disorder by cutting or removing

using operative procedure.There are many subspecialties of surgerye.g;

general surgery,Transplant surgery,Trauma surgery,Cardiovascular surgery,

neurosurgery,maxilofacial surgery,orthopedic surgery,plastic surgery,oncologic surgery

vascular surgery,and pediatric surgery.

*Internal medicine:is the medical specialty concerned with diagnosis,management and non-surgical treatment of serious disease.It has many subtypes .e.g:

cardiology,critical care medicine, dermatology,endocrinology,gastroenterology,hematology

hepatology,nephrology,neurology,oncology,pediatric,pulmonology,rheumatology,infectious

disease,sleep medicine.

-Interdisciplinary fields:

*Biomedical engineering.

*forensic medicine.

*Physical therapy.

*Pain management.

*Psychiatry.

*Sleep disorder specialist.

ROLE OF ISLAMIC SCIENTIST IN MEDICINE

The islamic civilization has aprimacy and major role in developmant of medical sciences began from prophet "Mohamed"pace be upon him through healing by Holy Quran and use some plants as said in Hadith shareif.

Several Sahaba complete the role of treatment by using honey,fire cupping,and cauterization.

After that,Muslim scientist made alot of development and biomedical researches bacause they belifethat there is acure for every disease according to Prophet "Mohamed"said:

"There is no disease that Allah created,except that he also has created its treatment."

There are many examples of muslim scientist achievement:

1)Al-Kindi:

Has role in application mathematics to medicine in pharmacology to determine the effect of drugs on body and percintage of drugs used per day.

2)Al-Razi:

Record clinical cases of various diseases such as.,measles and small box.

3)Abu-Alqasim:

Consider as the father of modern surgery by use surgical instrumants like.,

surgical needle,forceps,scalple,retractors,and catgut.

4)Ibn Al-Haytham:

made importance advances in eye surgery by explain process of sight and

visual perciption.

5)Ibn Al-Nafis:

form basis of circulatory system and describe pulmonary and coronary circulation

6)Ibn-Sinna:

consider father of modern medicine by discover the nature of infectious diseases.

7)Ibn-Ilyas:

contribute in wrote "Tashrih Al-badan" (Anatomy of the body) which contain diagramof body structure.

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2008-12-27T14:45:00.000-08:00

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Medical Profile

History of Medicine

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